Creighton University

Here are the fifty-eight portions of Hachette's serial subscription publication of Doré's version of La Fontaine's fables.  Each portion is sixteen pages long.  Each fable has a vignette at its beginning and end.  Eighty-four of the fables have a full-page illustration.  The overall organization is as follows: 

Fascicles 1 to 53: Fables (pp. 1-846);

Fascicles 53 to 54: Tables (pp. 847-864);

Fascicle 55: Comment on Jean de la Fontaine by Nicolas Eugène GÉRUZEZ (p. i);

Fascicle 56: Dedication (to Monseigneur le Dauphin) (p. xxiii) and Preface (p. xxix);

Fascicle 57: Life of Aesop (pp. xl-xliv);

Fascicle 58: Title-page and portrait of La Fontaine and proof of the cover on blue paper, with the end of the life of Aesop (pp. lv-lx).

Each fascicle has a sleeve, the cover of which carries the title of the ensemble with a small number in the lower left corner indicating the number of this delivery.  The other three pages contain advertisements for Hachette publications. 

In each fascicle from 55 through 58 there are two supplementary plates designed to replace eight plates judged to be of poor quality by the editors.  This collection thus contains those eight plates in both versions. 

Here is the first fascicle, delivered November 3, 1866.  Pages 1-16, plus a jacket.  There is a dedication to the Dauphin and a title-page for Book I with a blank verso.  Four fables: GA, FC, OF, and "Two Mules."  The first and last of these have strong full-page illustrations.  The illustration for FG remains a favorite of mine.

Here is the second fascicle.  Pages 17-32, plus a jacket.  Four fables: DW; LS; "The Load"; "The Swallow and Other Birds"; and TMCM.  The last two of these have strong full-page illustrations.  I have always cherished Doré's illustration of TMCM: the jump from the banquet table, with glasses, plates, food, and silverware being scattered abroad.

Here is the third fascicle.  Pages 13-48, plus a jacket.  The fables here are: WL; "The Man and His Image"; "The Dragon with Several Heads and the Dragon with Several Tails"; "The Robbers and the Ass"; "Simonides Preserved by the Gods"; and "Death and the Miserable Man."  WL has a strong full-page illustration.

Here is the fourth fascicle.  Pages 49-64, plus a jacket.  The fables here are "Death and the Woodman" with a very strong full-page illustration; "The Man Between Two Ages and His Two Mistresses"; FS; "The Child and the School-Master"; CJ; "The Hornets and the Flies at the Honey"; and the beginning of OR.

Here is the fifth fascicle.  Pages 65-80, plus a jacket.  This fascicle completes OR with a full-page illustration.  OR also finishes Book I.  Book II has "Against Those with Difficult Taste"; BC, with a dramatic full-page illustration showing Doré at his dark best; "The Wolf Pleading Against the Fox Before the Monkey," for which the opening illustration mixes the monkey judge with human litigants; and the start of "Two Bulls and One Frog."

Here is the sixth fascicle.  Pages 81-86, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first completes the text of "Two Bulls and One Frog."  The continuing fables then are "The Bat and the Two Weasels"; "The Bird Wounded with a Feather"; "The Bitch and Her Company"; "The Eagle and the Beetle"; "The Lion and the Mosquito," with a very dramatic full-page illustration; and the beginning text of SS.

Here is the seventh fascicle.  Pages 97-112, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first completes SS.  The continuing fables then are LM, with a favorite full-page illustration; AD; "The Astrologer Who Fell in a Well"; "The Rabbit and the Frogs," with another beloved and vigorous full-page illustration; and UP.

Here is the eighth fascicle.  Pages 113-128, plus a jacket.  This fascicle includes "The Crow Wanting to Imitate an Eagle"; "The Peacock Complaining to Juno," with a highly detailed full-page illustration; CW; "The Lion and Ass Hunting"; and "A Will Explained by Aesop," which finishes Book II.

Here is the ninth fascicle.  Pages 129-144, plus a jacket.  This fascicle begins Book III.  It includes MSA, with a strong full-page illustration of women looking back on the miller while his son rides away from us; SM; "The Wolf Become a Shepherd," with another classic full-page illustration; and the beginning text of FK.

Here is the tenth fascicle.  Pages 145-160, plus a jacket.  I have guessed that this is the first fascicle published in 1867.  That guess is based on the weekly publication of a fascicle starting on November 3, 1866.  This fascicle continues FK with a strong full-page image of King Stork eating a frog.  It then includes "The Fox and the Goat"; "The Eagle, the Sow, and the Cat"; "The Drunk and His Wife"; "Gout and the Spider"; and WC.

Here is the eleventh fascicle.  Pages 161-176, plus a jacket.  This fascicle includes "The Lion Subdued by the Man"; FG, with one of the finest of Doré's full-page illustrations; "The Swan and the Cook"; "The Wolves and the Sheep," with one of Doré's most haunting full-page illustrations; "The Lion Become Old"; and "Philomel and Procne," with a full-page illustration.  Doré invites us to look into those white eyes in the black wolves!

Here is the twelfth fascicle.  Pages 177-192, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "Philomel and Procne,"  It goes on then to "The Woman Drowned"; "The Weasel Who Got Into a Granary"; "The Cat and the Old Rat," with a full-page illustration that is unusually gruesome even for Doré.  Then Book IV begins with "The Lion in Love," including a remarkable group scene.  I find this one of Doré's most engaging full-page illustrations.

Here is the thirteenth fascicle.  Pages 193-208, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "The Lion in Love."  Book IV then continues with "The Shepherd and the Sea," with a wide-sweeping full-page illustration that struggles to present both sunlight and cloud; "The Fly and the Ant"; "The Gardener and His Master"; "The Ass and the Little Dog"; and "The Battle Between the Rats and the Weasels."

Here is the fourteenth fascicle.  Pages 209-224, plus a jacket.  This fascicle includes "The Monkey and the Dolphin," with a justly famous full-page illustration; "The Man and the Wooden Idol"; BF; "The Camel and the Floating Sticks"; FM; and "Tribute Sent by the Animals to Alexander."

Here is the fifteenth fascicle.  Pages 225-240, plus a jacket.  This fascicle completes the text of "Tribute Sent by the Animals to Alexander."  It then goes on to present "The Horse Wanting to Get Revenge on the Stag"; "The Fox and the Bust"; "The Wolf, the Goat, and the Little Goat"; "The Wolf, the Mother, and the Child," which has a dramatic full-page illustration of the mother dashing away from a door, behind which the wolf awaits; "Word of Socrates"; and the beginning of "The Old Man and His Children."

Here is the sixteenth fascicle.  Pages 241-256, plus a jacket.  This fascicle completes the text of BS.  It goes on then  to "The Oracle and the Impious Man"; "The Miser Who Lost His Treasure," with a strong full-page presentation; "The Eye of the Master," with a strong illustration that has me unsure just who the master is; and the beginning of the text of "The Lark and Her Children."  In that full-page illustration of the miser, there is a lovely contrast between the distraught miser and his interlocutor.

Here is the seventeenth fascicle.  Pages 257-272, plus a jacket.  This fascicle completes the text of "The Lark and Her Children," including a dramatic full-page image of the lark mothering her young.  With that, Book IV ends and we begin Book V with "The Woodsman and Mercury" with a theatrical full-page picture of the woodsman in absolute despair.  Further fables include 2P and "The Little Fish and the Fisherman."  The jacket of this portion includes testimonies on this edition, including some in both 1866 and 1867.  The latest is dated February 12, 1867.  That fact confirms the publication date of 1867 for this segment.

Here is the eighteenth fascicle.  Pages 273-288, plus a jacket.  This fascicle completes the text of "The Little Fish and the Fisherman," including an oft-repeated full-page illustration.  Further fables include "The Ears of the Rabbit"; FWT; "The Old Woman and the Two Servants," with a highly-charged full-page illustration; "The Satyr and the Passerby"; and "The Horse and the Wolf" with two dramatic illustrations.  The opening vignette has the wolf flying through the air after being kicked by the horse.  The full-page illustration has the wolf lying supine on the ground while the horse looks back in haughty pride.

Here is the nineteenth fascicle.  Pages 289-304, plus a jacket.  This fascicle includes "The Worker and His Children"; "The Mountain in Labor"; "Fortune and the Young Child," including a full-page scene of tender care; "The Doctors," including a full-page caricature worthy of Daumier; and GGE, with another of Doré's best full-page illustrations.

Here is the twentieth fascicle.  Pages 305-320, plus a jacket.  This fascicle includes "The Ass Carrying Relics"; "The Stag and the Vine," with a full-page illustration that plays well with dark and light; "The Serpent and the File"; "The Rabbit and the Partridge"; "The Eagle and the Owl," with a full-page illustration that makes the fable's point wonderfully; and the start of "The Lion Going to War."  Who could love those scrawny owl children?!  Who could even recognize them as a particular kind of bird, much less as owls?

Here is the twenty-first fascicle.  Pages 321-336, plus a jacket.  This fascicle begins by finishing up "The Lion Going to War."  It turns then to TB, with a strong full-page illustration of the two hunters in the foreground and the lumbering bear moving away in the background.  DLS closes Book V.  Book VI offers "The Shepherd and the Lion"; "The Lion and the Hunter"; and the start of SW.

Here is the twenty-second fascicle.  Pages 337-352, plus a jacket.  This fascicle begins by finishing up SW and then adds "Jupiter and the Tenant Farmer"; "The Cockerel, the Cat, and the Young Mouse"; "The Fox, the Monkey, and the Animals"; "The Mule Boasting of His Ancestry"; "The Old Man and the Ass"; and "The Stag Seeing Himself in the Water," with a strong full-page illustration, especially good in letting the water mirror many parts of the scene.

Here is the twenty-third fascicle.  Pages 353-368, plus a jacket.  This fascicle finishes "The Stag Seeing Himself in the Water" and then turns to TH; "The Ass and His Masters"; "The Sun and the Frogs"; "The Countryman and the Snake," with a dramatic full-page illustration of the fool in front of the fire with his children next to him and in his arms; "The Sick Lion and the Fox," with a typically strong full-page illustration; and the start of "The Fowler, the Hawk, and the Lark."

Here is the twenty-fourth fascicle.  Pages 369-384, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Fowler, the Hawk, and the Lark."  It then offers "The Horse and the Ass"; DS; "The Stalled Wagoner," with a typically dark and exasperated full-page illustration; "The Charlatan"; "Discord"; and the start of "The Young Wife."

Here is the twenty-fifth fascicle.  Pages 385-400, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Young Wife," with a full-page scene of putti gathering around a dark tombstone while the widow relates in the dark with a new someone.  Doré can be dark!  This fable finishes Book VI.  Book VII begins with a dedication to Madame de Montespan and continues then with "The Animals Sick from the Plague," together with a full-page collection of sick animals around King Lion.  We then find the first part of the text of "The Man Badly Married."

Here is the twenty-sixth fascicle.  Pages 401-416, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Man Badly Married."  It then turns to "The Rat Retired from the World"; "The Heron"; "The Daughter," with a strong full-page illustration of an older man in heavy black looking over a demure woman in white; "The Wishes"; and the start of "The Court of the Lion."

Here is the twenty-seventh fascicle.  Pages 417-432, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the last two lines of "The Court of the Lion."  It follows then with "The Vultures and the Doves," together with a full-page illustration pitting white stationary doves against active dark vultures; "The Coach and the Fly"; MM, with one of Dorés most wistful and light-colored full-page illustrations; and "The Curé and the Dead Man."  Enclosed with this segment is a separate four-page advertisement for an illustrated geography of France.

Here is the twenty-eighth fascicle.  Pages 433-448, plus a jacket.  This fascicle offers "The Man Who Runs after Fortune and the Man Who Waits in His Bed" and then "The Two Roosters."  The latter is illustrated with a full-page human scene of the results of a swordfight duel.  One man lies dying, another courts the woman, and a third awaits, seated on his horse.  Next up is "The Ingratitude and Injustice of Humans Towards Luck"; "The Fortune-Tellers"; and the start of "The Cat, the Weasel, and the Little Rabbit."

Here is the twenty-ninth fascicle.  Pages 449-464, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the last lines of "The Cat, the Weasel, and the Little Rabbit."  It then finishes Book VII with "The Head and Tail of the Snake" and "The Animal in the Moon," with a typically dark full-page illustration; Book VIII begins with "Death and the Dying Person" and the beginning of "The Cobbler and the Banker."

Here is the thirtieth fascicle.  Pages 465-480, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the last lines of "The Cobbler and the Banker," including a strong full-page illustration contrasting the two principal characters.  It goes on then to continue Book VIII with "The Lion, the Wolf, and the Fox," also including a full-page illustration; "The Power of Fables"; "The Man and the Flea"; and the beginning of "The Women and the Secret."

Here is the thirty-first fascicle.  Pages 481-496, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the last lines of "The Women and the Secret."  Then follow "The Dog Who Carried His Master's Dinner Around His Neck," with a full-page illustration showing the dog's frazzled attempt to escape with his basket; "The Laugher and His Fish"; "The Rat and the Oyster"; and the start of "The Bear and the Lover of Gardens," including one of Doré's strongest full-page illustrations.  What a huge rock the bear is wielding!

Here is the thirty-second fascicle.  Pages 497-512, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the last lines of "The Bear and the Lover of Gardens."  Book VIII then continues with "The Two Friends"; "The Pig, the Goat, and the Lamb"; "Tircis and Amarante," with a romantic full-page illustration; "The Lioness' Grieving"; and the text of "The Rat and the Elephant."  Its full-page illustration will follow in the next fascicle.

Here is the thirty-third fascicle.  Pages 513-528, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first presents the dramatic full-page illustration of the mouse learning from the cat that an elephant is bigger than a mouse.  Fables that follow are "Horoscope"; "The Ass and the Dog"; "The Bassa and the Merchant," together with a full-page illustration of business being transacted; and the beginning text of "The Advantage of Science."

Here is the thirty-fourth fascicle.  Pages 529-544, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "The Advantage of Science."  Fables that follow are "Jupiter and the Thunders"; "The Falcon and the Capon"; "The Cat and the Rat"; and "The Torrent and the River," with a dramatic picture of both horse and rider struggling in the water.

Here is the thirty-fifth fascicle.  Pages 545-560, plus a jacket.  This fascicle presents the final fables in Book VIII: "Education"; "The Two Dogs and the Dead Ass," with a strong full-page illustration hauntingly dark; "Democritus and the Abderites"; and "The Wolf and the Hunter," with another strong, dark scene for its full-page illustration.  Since it ends a book, the final page (560) is blank.

Here is the thirty-sixth fascicle.  Pages 561-576, plus a jacket.  This fascicle opens Book IX with "The Unfaithful Depository"; "The Two Doves," with a highly romantic picture of a woman swooning over her traveling friend; "The Monkey and the Leopard"; and the beginning text of "The Pumpkin and the Acorn."

Here is the thirty-seventh fascicle.  Pages 577-592, plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "The Pumpkin and the Acorn."  It then continues Book IX with "The Pupil, the Pedant, and the Master of a Garden"; "The Statue-Maker and the Statue of Jupiter"; "The Mouse Transformed into a Young Woman"; "The Fool Who Sells Wisdom," with a dramatic town scene before a building; and the beginning text of "The Oyster and the Litigants."

Here is the thirty-eighth fascicle.  Pages 593-608 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "The Oyster and the Litigants," together with one of Doré's most famous full-page illustrations.  It then continues Book IX with "The Wolf and the Skinny Dog"; "Nothing Too Much"; "The Candle"; "Jupiter and the Passenger," together with a strong scene of a dead man washed up by the waves and left behind by others; and the beginning of "The Cat and the Fox," with a deft full-page illustration that highlights the two in the foreground and leads the eye back to the hunters in the background.

Here is the thirty-ninth fascicle.  Pages 609-624 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes the text of "The Cat and the Fox."  It then offers "The Husband, the Wife, and the Robber"; "The Treasure and the Two Men"; "The Monkey and the Cat," with a famous full-page illustration of the cat pawing chestnuts and the monkey eating them; "The Kite and the Nightingale"; and "The Shepherd and His Flock."  With that we have arrived at the end of Book IX.

Here is the fortieth fascicle.  Pages 625-640 plus a jacket.  This fascicle begins Book X with "The Two Rats, the Fox, and the Egg," which consumes almost all of the fascicle.  It has a full-page illustration that highlights the rats' unusual collaboration (635).  This fascicle then starts "The Man and the Snake."

Here is the forty-first fascicle.  Pages 641-656 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Man and the Snake."  It then presents TT; "The Fish and the Cormorant," with a full-page illustration that emphasizes the availability of the fish; "The Burying Man and His Companion"; "The Wolf and the Shepherds"; and the beginning of "The Spider and the Swallow."

Here is the forty-second fascicle.  Pages 657-672 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Spider and the Swallow."  It then presents "The Partridge and the Roosters"; "The Dog with Cropped Ears"; "The Shepherd and the King," including a full-page illustration highlighting the two contrasting figures; "The Fish and the Shepherd Who Plays the Flute," with an idealized full-page illustration of a woman fishing while her friend plays.  The fascicle closes by giving the beginning of the text for "The Two Parrots, the King, and His Son."

Here is the forty-third fascicle.  Pages 673-688 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Two Parrots, the King, and His Son."  It moves on then to "The Lioness and the She-Bear"; "The Two Adventurers and the Talisman," with a stark image of crossing a river and an elephant lying on the other side of the river; and "The Rabbits," with a title-engraving of rabbits rushing toward the reader and a full-page illustration of rabbits rushing away from the reader.

Here is the forty-fourth fascicle.  Pages 689-704 plus a jacket.  This fascicle offers "The Merchant, the Gentleman, the Shepherd, and the Son of the King," which finishes Book X.  Book XI offers "The Lion," with a devastating full-page illustration of carcasses strewn about the lion; "The Gods Wanting to Instruct a Son of Jupiter"; and the beginning of "The Farmer, the Dog, and the Fox."

Here is the forty-fifth fascicle.  Pages 705-720 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Farmer, the Dog, and the Fox" and then offers "The Dream of a Mongolian"; "The Lion, the Monkey, and the Two Asses"; "The Wolf and the Fox"; and the beginning of "The Danube Farmer," including a strong full-page illustration of the roughly clad farmer speaking before senators in their flowing tunics.

This fascicle first finishes "The Danube Farmer."  It then presents "The Old Man and the Three Young Men," with a full-page illustration that underscores the age difference, and "The Mice and the Owl," with an appropriate full-page illustration emphasizing the group of legless mice.  There is an epilogue to Book XI that finishes this fascicle, with a blank verso for the last page.

Here is the forty-seventh fascicle.  Pages 737-752 plus a jacket.  This fascicle opens Book XII with its title-page and blank verso.  It then offers "The Companions of Ulysses," with a full-page illustration; "The Cat and the Two Sparrows"; "The Miser and the Monkey"; and the beginning of the text for "The Two Goats."

Here is the forty-eighth fascicle.  Pages 753-768 plus a jacket.  This fascicle opens with the full-page illustration of "The Two Goats," as well as its last pages of text.  This illustration is justly famous!  Further fables in Book XII then are "The Cat and the Mouse"; "The Old Cat and the Young Mouse"; "The Sick Stag," with a typically dark arrangement of many deer around the sick stag; "The Bat, the Bush, and the Duck"; and the beginning text of "The Quarrel of the Dogs and the Cats, and That of the Cats and the Mice."

Here is the forty-ninth fascicle.  Pages 769-784 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Quarrel of the Dogs and the Cats, and That of the Cats and the Mice."  It then presents "The Wolf and the Fox"; "The Lobster and Her Daughter," including a human title-vignette of two stooped ladies; "The Eagle and the Magpie," with typical Doré back-lighting in its full-page illustration; and the beginning of "The Kite, the King, and the Hunter."

Here is the fiftieth fascicle.  Pages 785-800 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Kite, the King, and the Hunter."  It then presents "The Fox, the Flies, and the Hedgehog"; "Love and Folly," with a full-page illustration of a naked woman and a winged child, with a quiver of arrows in the foreground; "The Crow, the Gazelle, the Turtle, and the Rat"; and the beginning of "The Forest and the Woodman."

Here is the fifty-first fascicle.  Pages 801-816 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Forest and the Woodman," with a full-page illustration showing the seven trees that the man has brought down with his axe.  Further fables in this fascicle are "The Fox, the Wolf, and the Horse"; "The Fox and the Turkeys," with a haunting full-page image of turkeys ready to fall from the tree; "The Monkey"; "The Scythian Philosopher"; and the beginning of "The Elephant and Jupiter's Monkey."

Here is the fifty-second fascicle.  Pages 817-832 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The Elephant and Jupiter's Monkey."  It then presents "The Fool and the Sage"; "The English Fox," with a very dark full-page illustration of the fox viewing all sorts of victim animals hanging from a wall; "The Sun and the Frogs"; and the beginning of "The League of Rats," with one of  Doré's strong full-page illustrations of a rat-crowd moving toward a cat in the background.  The cat already has in his mouth the victim-mouse that the rats set out to help.

Here is the fifty-third fascicle.  Pages 833-848 plus a jacket.  This fascicle first finishes "The League of Rats."  It then presents "Daphnis and Alcimadure," with a sad full-page illustration.  I have trouble understanding this illustration, which seems to have two women kneeling over a dead body.  Next up is the last of the fables, "The Arbiter, the Almoner, and the Hermit," with a full-page illustration that looks like it came out of the "Inferno."  The former two are making their way into a cave to visit the latter.  This fascicle finishes with a blank page, a "Tables" title-page, and its blank verso.

Here is the fifty-fourth fascicle.  Pages 849-864 plus a jacket.  This fascicle presents first an AI of this work's "Grande Gravures" (849-851).  There is then an AI of the fables (853-864).  The jacket around this fascicle includes the announcement of the eight plates that will have been redone and included in deliveries 55 through 58.  A later page in the jacket has offers of gifts for New Year.  I had suspected that we at about the end of calendar year 1867.

Here is the fifty-fifth fascicle.  This is the first of the larger fascicles because it contains two of the eight reproduced plates.  First up in this fascicle is the beginning of the "Notice sur Jean de La Fontaine" (i-xvi).  Inserted at the center of this section are excellent printings of WL and OR facing each other with blank backs on a four-page segment.

Here is the fifty-sixth fascicle.  This is the second of the larger fascicles because it contains two of the eight reproduced plates.  This fascicle continues the "Notice sur Jean de La Fontaine" (xvii-xxii).  That segment is followed by "Dédicace" (xxiii-xxviii) and the beginning of "Préface" ((xxix-xxxii).  Inserted at the center of this section are excellent printings of "The Animal in the Moon" and "The Lion and the Mosquito" facing each other with blank backs on a four-page segment.

Here is the fifty-seventh fascicle.  This is the third of the larger fascicles because it contains two of the eight reproduced plates.  This fascicle continues the "Préface" (xxxiii-xl).  Next up is the beginning of "The Life of Aesop" (xli-xlviii).  Inserted at the center of this section are excellent printings of "The Young Widow" and "The Animals Sick from the Plague" facing each other with blank backs on a four-page segment.

Here is the fifty-eighth and last fascicle.  This is the fourth of the larger fascicles because it contains two of the eight reproduced plates.  This fascicle continues the "The Life of Aesop" (xlix-lx).  Inserted at the center of this section are excellent printings of "The Companions of Ulysses" and "The Peacock Complaining to Juno" facing each other with blank backs on a four-page segment.  Two other items are inserted in this segment: the title-page sequence for the whole volume, including a full title-page, its blank verso, a portrait of La Fontaine, its blank verso, a simpler title-page, and the printer LaHure on its verso.  The fuller title-page includes a date, 1868.  There is also a pale green folio suitable for a paperbound cover, with sections for the front cover, spine, and back cover.  The front cover includes and engraving of two mice eating, perhaps from TMCM.  This title-page again includes a date of 1868.  Two of the jacket's pages advertise publications for New Year 1868.